The Legitimate Government in Hawaii Series: Documenting a history of piracy, theft, violations, etc. over Waiahole, Oahu, lands, and waters by the Provisional Government turned Republic of Hawaii then the Territory and State protected by the United States of America since 1893
Reviewed by Amelia Gora (2024)
Waiahole Ahupuaa
1848 - Mahele
Kamehameha III owned 1,061 acres in Waiahole.
Kamehameha III formed a Water Company.
Kamehameha III assigned Konohiki named Kamakakehau, Kahoohanohano, et. als.
1853 - Konohiki Kahoohanohano died.
1854 - Kamehameha III leased the lands of Waiahole to Watson and Pemberton. The lease ended in 30 years or in 1884.
1854 - Kamehameha III died.
1892 - 2,050 Sharpshooters were set up to kill Hawaiians due to the premeditation, planned conspiracy to invade the Kingdom of Hawaii disregarding the U.S. Constitution, Article 6 - the supremacy clause; the Treaty ratified in 1850; the Protectorate over the Kingdom of Hawaii by the U.S., the Neutrality Law passed by Kamehameha III in 1854.
The McCandless brothers were documented in the Sharpshooters picture, those who "Killed Hawaiians" in 1893 etc.
1893 - The U.S. Military invaded the Kingdom of Hawaii, aided the American businessmen to usurp Queen Liliuokalani who maintained a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation.
1897 - "Lincoln Loy McCandless acquired two hundred acres of land, including the Waiāhole and Waikāne valleys."
L. L. McCandless was conveyed 142.00 acres of Waiahole land by the occupiers.
See #4111 Book 20, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
1900 - T. Lansing the Treasurer applied for water rights in behalf od Castle and Cooke for the Standard Oil Company and L.L. McCandless . filed for water rights to Waiahole.\
1901 - L.L. McCandless was conveyed 2.80 ac. land in Waimalu.
See No. 4427 book 23, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
1902 - L.L. McCandless was conveyed 27.07 ac. of Waiahole land by the occupiers.
See #4584 Book 23, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
1903 - L.L. McCandless was conveyed 33.75 acres of Waiahole land by the occupiers.
See #4689 Book 23, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
1909 - L.L. McCandless was conveyed 572.00 acres in Lualualei, Waianae.
See No. 5195, Book 24, Archives, Honolulu, Oahu.
1911 - Waiahole Water Company formed.
1959 - "Marks decided to partner with developer Joe Pao to develop the valleys as suburbs. "
1974 - "After the Land Use Commission denied their request for the valleys to be redesignated from the State Agricultural District to the State Urban District in 1974, Marks and Pao chose to continue with development without the correct land use designation. They evicted nine families to make space for new construction and raised rents on many other families living and farming in the valley. The Waiāhole-Waikāne Community Association (WWCA) then got a lawyer to collectively negotiate everyone's leases."
1977 - "the Hawaii Housing Authority bought 600 acres of land from Marks and leased them to the farmers living in the valley."
1993 - Public Law 103-150 known as the Apology Law was passed which "acknowledged the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii."
Note: The U.S. Military invaded the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 under the directions of Congress.
See: the Invasion article at https://maoliworld.com › forum › topics › the-legitimate-government-series-the-hawaiian-kingdom-kingdom-of
1999 - the State of Hawaii assumes Private Property - Land and water from the Allodial landowner(s) /Generational Trust landowners/private property owner(s).
2000 - "The struggle for the land and its usage continued in the courts as kalo farmers in the valley sued for rights to the water that was being diverted away by the Waiāhole Ditch, culminating in 2000 when the Hawaii Supreme Court ruled that the water should remain in the valley."
2020 - Kingdom of Hawaii's Judicial Tribunal documented 969 persons/entities guilty of piracy, etc.
L.L. McCandless was listed as case number 946 because he was one of the "Sharpshooters" who killed Hawaiians in 1893.
L.L. McCandless relatives were also listed because they too were "Sharpshooters" who killed Hawaiians in 1893:
* J.A. McCandless in case 948;
* Wm McCandless number 958; and
* J.S. McCandless number 959.
All the above were found to be guilty of conspiracy(ies), etc.
Reference:
Research incomplete.
DISCUSSION
Kamehameha III, his heirs and successors are the owners /the Allodial landowners/ the Generational Trust owners of 1,061 acres in Waiahole, Oahu.
Kamehameha's heirs of his body existed in 1819 when Kamehameha died, and their heirs of their body exists today as found in research.
The invasion of the Kingdom of Hawaii was premeditated as found in research.
The Americans involved in the goals of assuming lands, monies, piracy, etc. have been recorded by the Kingdom of Hawaii's Judicial Tribunal who have recorded 969 criminals to date, and the Kingdom of Hawaii's Supreme Court/Superior Court numbering 59 cases to date.
Persons listed in the Supreme Court/Superior Court and Judicial Tribunal cases includes:
* Charles Reed Bishop
* Sanford B. Dole
* Lorrin Thurston
* Samuel Damon
* L.L. McCandless
and many others.
They were guilty of conspiracy, piracy, etc.
The True Land owners are the Kanaka Maoli because of the Allodial Titles/ Generational Trust conveyed with the generosity of Kamehameha III during the Mahele period.
In 1851, Kamehameha III made amendments to his gifts to the Kanaka Maoli as well as gifting them with water rights, etc. These Allodial lands are Generational Trusts for only Kanaka Maoli.
Payment of commutation meant that Kanaka Maoli did not have to pay taxes forever.
Allodial lands/Generational Trusts also meant that no one could take away Kanaka Maoli lands, not even the King or the Royal Family, etc.
See: Kekiekie vs. Dennis case, HAWAIIAN REPORTS - Supreme Court Law Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
Also, with the Prima Facie evidence of ownership, Kanaka Maoli do not have to go to court.
See: Kepani vs. John Watson, Law Case at the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
Kanaka Maoli have rights to charge rents which creates a lien on the property(ies).
Also, Kamehameha III allowed Aliens to have Fee Simple, Freehold, less than Allodial rights which was a temporary 30 year term only. Aliens could never own Allodial Titles.
The Kanaka Maoli with the prima facie evidence of ownership - are the true owners of the lands including the Kamaka Family, et. als. who are the land owners/Allodial land owners, the Generational Trust owners who reside or maintain the genealogies and the prima facie evidence to Allodial land ownership/Generational Trust ownership in Waiahole.
Also, the assigned Konohiki appointed by the Members of the House of Nobles from the Kingdom of Hawaii have continued and maintain the assignments.
Note: Many members of the House of Nobles are Kamehameha's heirs of his body.
The L.L. McCandless, the State of Hawaii, and the United States of America with their U.S. Military are Not the True Land owners in the Hawaiian Islands because there was no Annexation.
Also, conspiracies against the landowners/Allodial Title owners/Generational Trust owners are documented.
Rents are due, including rents retroactive to 1893 at the rate of $50,000 per acre per month with water revenues, etc.
Questions? hawaiianhistory@yahoo.com
aloha.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOSW0mnri2k
Reference:
https://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2018/01/legal-notice-protective-orders-for-alii.html
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Reference:
https://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2011/11/important-keep-for-your-records-updated_03.html
1853 - Konohiki Kahoohanohano died.
1890 - Kingdom of Hawaii Government - to take posession of the wharf. The government used the water for "light and power in Honolulu".
1897 - "Lincoln Loy McCandless acquired two hundred acres of land, including the Waiāhole and Waikāne valleys. He began building the Waiāhole Ditch in 1913.[2] When it was completed in 1917, it siphoned water from Oahu's rainy windward side to the dry leeward plains, where many sugar plantations were. This limited kalo cultivation by Native Hawaiians and farming by other ethnic groups living in the valleys. Many lived and farmed on land leased from McCandless in a system similar to sharecropping. After McCandless's death, ownership passed to his daughter, Elizabeth Marks.["
1900 - L.L. McCandless
1916 - Waiahole Water Company
Waiāhole Water Company
Oʻahu Sugar Company constructed the Waiāhole Ditch System to transport, by gravity, water from the northeastern side of the Koʻolau Range. The Waiāhole Ditch collection and delivery system was constructed during 1913-1916.
The general plan or scheme of development adopted for the Waiāhole Water Co. was that recommended by Mr. J. B. Lippincott, C. E., who made an exhaustive study of the project, going fully into the past history and study already made by Mr. J. Jorgensen and other parties, and reported to the Board of Directors of the Oahu Sugar Co., Ltd., under date of August 19, 1911.
The general plan provided for collecting the water from the many streams and gulches on the windward side of Oahu by means of tunnels through the ridges or spurs, and conveying the water, after collecting, through the mountain in the main tunnel to the leeward side of the island, thence by tunnels, ditches and pipes, to the upper levels of Oahu Sugar Plantation.
The tunnels connect up the various streams on the North side, and take in the water at the adits in the gulches. There are 27 of these tunnels on the North side, varying in length from 280 feet to 2,332 feet, the aggregate length of the North side tunnels being 24,621 feet, or 4.66 miles, being in reality one continuous tunnel.
The maximum elevation at which water is taken into the tunnel is 790 feet above sea level, and the grade or slope of the North side tunnels is 1.3 feet per thousand. The length of the main tunnel through the Koʻolau Ridge is 14,567 feet, or 2.76 miles, the grade or slope being 2.0 feet per thousand.
The elevation of the North portal of the main tunnel is 752 feet above sea level, and at the South portal 724 feet. The size of tunnel section is approximately 7 feet wide and 7 feet high, but in many places the section is larger, due to the uneven cleavage of the rock, and the fact that certain portions are unlined.
From the tunnel, the water is then conveyed by means of cement-lined open ditches, elevated concrete ditches, four steel pipes, and three redwood pipes. It is delivered to the upper boundary of Oahu plantation at an elevation of 650 feet through several distributaries, and by the main ditch, which reaches this elevation at the boundary of Honouliuli.
The water is also delivered into numerous reservoirs, especially at night, when irrigating the cane fields is inconvenient. One of the larger reservoirs, on the line of the Waikakalaua storm water ditch, has long been in use. It is called Five Finger Reservoir. Its elevation was a determining factor in establishing the grade elevation of the Waiāhole conduit.
When the work was undertaken, the time of completion was considered an important element, and Mr. Bishop’s organization was planned to secure the most expeditious execution of the project. The General Superintendent of Construction, Mr. Albert Andrew Wilson, who was in direct charge of all the constructing work.
At the beginning of the tunnel work, three shifts of eight hours each were kept going. This was continued until the large amount of water coming into the tunnel, at North heading, became troublesome, and on account of the hardship on the men, working for eight hours in the cold water, it became necessary to cut the shifts down to six hours each, so that four shifts per day were employed for this heading.
The temperature of the water in the tunnel was approximately 66° F., or about 8° colder than the artesian water in Honolulu, or, roughly, about 1° for each 100 feet of elevation.
Camps were established and sanitary conveniences were built to comply with the requirements of the Board of Health. No serious sickness, such as typhoid fever, gave any trouble.
Special tribute should be paid to the Japanese tunnel men, without whom the excellent progress made on the tunnel would have been impossible.
These “professional” tunnel men, as they call themselves, prefer this work to any other, and they apparently take delight in the hardships incident to the work, the exposure to the cold water, and the risk in handling explosives.
They were on the job all the time and never failed to deliver the goods in situations in which white men or native Hawaiians would have been physically impossible. Most of the drilling and mucking was done by these tunnel men as subcontractors – a bonus being given for rapid work, which sharpened their interest and never failed to give results.
While it was suspected at the outset that considerable water might be encountered in the main bore through the mountain, it was not anticipated at the beginning that enough water would be developed to materially interfere with the progress of the excavation.
This hope was not realized, however, for the main bore had proceeded only about 200 feet from the North portal when water to the extent of two million gallons daily was developed—this on breaking through the first dyke.
These dykes are hard, impervious strata of rock lying approximately at an angle of 45° to the tunnel axis, and nearly vertical, and they occur at intervals of varying length. Between the dykes was the porous water-bearing rock, thoroughly saturated, and with the water pent up between the dykes often under considerable pressure.
When a dyke was penetrated, the water would spout out from the drill holes and would gush forth from the openings blasted in the headings. As the work progressed, the water increased in quantity and the difficulty of the work was enormously greater on account of the water.
The texture and hardness of the rock varied considerably— some of it being particularly soft and porous and much of it hard and flinty—particularly at the dykes. The dykes varied in thickness from 14 feet down to about 4 feet, all composed of very hard, close-grained rock which was apparently waterproof.
From the South portal the progress was rapid, often as high as 630 feet per month, or about 21 feet per day on an average, notwithstanding the long haul, which at the last was over two miles.
Eighty-percent of the length of the main tunnel was driven from the South portal, and 20% of the length was driven from the North portal, the difference in these proportions from the two headings being due to the presence of water at a much earlier stage in the North heading. Had there been no water to contend with, the length driven from each heading would have been approximately the same.
This system of tunnels is essentially a closed-conduit system, that is, the flow is entirely through closed tunnels, not subject to interruption by freshets or washouts or from rubbish or wash from the mountain streams, the intakes being so built as to admit only water as free from rubbish as practicable.
Only at three points in the tunnel system—and these are on the South side, one of which is a gaging station—does the water flow in open channels for an aggregate length of 160 feet.
It is intended to use the reservoirs so far as possible to take care of the water flowing at night, so as to utilize the conduit to its fullest capacity.
The Waiāhole Water Co. has taken over from the Oahu Sugar Co. The water delivered by the Waiāhole System is chiefly used on newly planted cane on land above the lift of the pumps. During construction the water developed in the main tunnel near the South portal was at times utilized for irrigation.
On May 27, 1916, with Mr. H. Olstad as Superintendent, continuous operation of the project was begun. (This post is from portions of a paper read by Chas H Kluegel before the Hawaiian Engineering Association, published in Thrum, 1916)
Reference: https://imagesofoldhawaii.com/waiahole-water-company/
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai%C4%81hole-Waik%C4%81ne_struggle
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