Is Kamehameha a Federal Indian Boarding School?

The US Department of Interior released a report by Assistant Secretary Bryan Newland, under Interior Secretary Deb Haaland (who is the first Native American in the position), on the genocidal practice of Indian Boarding Schools. In Canada and Australia as well as the US it has been recognized that such schools serve to separate Indigenous children from their parents, severing the transmission of Native culture and practices from one generation to the next. Ward Churchill notes that the US did not sign the UN Convention Against Genocide for over 40 years because it was in violation of the Convention, mostly because of the existence well into the 20th century of Indian boarding schools.

The documentary Waterman claims that Duke Kahanamoku left Kamehameha because of its suppression of culture

Kamehameha Schools is listed among eleven schools considered Federal Indian Boarding Schools, along with Lahainaluna!

1. Hilo Boarding School

2. Industrial and Reformatory School (Kawailou)

3. Industrial and Reformatory School (Keoneula, Kapalama)

4. Industrial and Reformatory School (Waialee, Waialua)

5. Industrial and Reformatory School for Girls (Keoneula, Kapalama)

6. Industrial and Reformatory School for Girls (Maunawili, Ko’olaupoko)

7. Industrial and Reformatory School for Girls (Mo’ili’ili, Honolulu)

8. Kamehameha Schools

9. Lahainaluna Seminary

10.Mauna Loa Forestry Camp School

11.Molokai Forestry Camp School 

(Federal Indian Boarding Schools Initiative Investigative Report, 2022, 78).

The Report goes on to describe the genealogy of Kamehamehaʻs founding and its status as Federal Indian Boarding School:

So “her own people”303 could once again thrive, the last direct descendant of King Kamehameha I, Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop, in 1883 left her estate in “trust for a school dedicated to the education and upbringing of Native Hawaiians.” Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop’s will provided for the construction and maintenance of “two schools, each for boarding and day scholars, one for boys and one for girls,”305 “in the Hawaiian Islands, called the Kamehameha Schools, on the Hawaiian monarchy’s ancestral lands,”306 with the purpose of providing “a good education in the common English branches, and also instruction in morals and in such useful knowledge as may tend to make good and industrious men and women.”

In 1888, the Kamehameha School for Boys incorporated a military training program, which the War Department recognized as a military school in 1910. Between 1916 and 2002, under the National Defense Act, Kamehameha Schools participated in the Reserve Officers Training Corp and Junior Reserve Officers Training Corp programs. From 1935 to the early months of World War II, the United States recruited attendees and graduates of the Kamehameha School for Boys to colonize the Howland, Baker, and Jarvis Islands, first through the Department of Commerce until jurisdiction was transferred to the Department. The Kamehameha Schools continue to benefit Native Hawaiian education today.

Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report, 2022, 75.

There is a documented connection between Kamehameha and Indian Boarding Schools – Noelani Goodyear-Kaʻōpua showed that Kamehameha was based in part on an Indian Boarding School. However, when the Report notes that “In 1888, the Kamehameha School for Boys incorporated a military training program, which the War Department recognized as a military school in 1910, ” it elides over distinction between Kamehameha, which was a Kingdom school (as was Lahainaluna, but it became public), and such schools on the US continent. If Kamehameha had a military training program that was in fact connected to the US military, that could only have been because it occurred the year after the Bayonet Constitution, of which the Report makes no mention. And while the Report, with ostensibly good intentions, notes the suppression of ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi in schools, glossing over events and institutions pre- and post-overthrow serves to add to the already considerable confusion, or huikau, that exists in such historical genealogies.

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