The Legitimate Government in Hawaii Series: Evidence of Fraud, Piracy by theTrustees Under the Will and of the Estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Deceased aka Kamehameha Schools
Reviewed by Amelia Gora (2023)
The following case was heard in a the State of Hawaii's court that did not have original jurisdiction.
Also, the Estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop is a Trust created in the Kingdom of Hawaii and criminally assumed by an entity Provisional government, turned to Republic of Hawaii and a created Territory of the United States turned Territory of Hawaii which had no Sovereignty.
Sovereignty remained with the Kingdom of Hawaii vs. the Estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate pirated, pillaged by non-owners who have no interest in our Royal Family's Allodial titles.
Kalola and her descendants/heirs owned half of the estate when Bernice Pauahi Bishop died in 1884.
Ruth Keelikolani's next-of-kin was Bernice Pauahi Bishop.
Bernice Pauahi's next-of-kin was Kalola.
Bernice Pauahi Bishop's husband Charles Reed Bishop received a "life interest" was an heir on only part of the Estate until he committed conspiracy, treason by helping the usurpers including the American Military in assuming the Kingdom of Hawaii, Queen Liliuokalani's interest, the Royal Family's and kanaka maoli interest.
There was no Annexation which means the U.S. has no jurisdiction.
Kamehameha's descendants/heirs exist meaning the Treaty of 1849 and ratified in 1850 continues. The Treaty was between Kamehameha III, his heirs and successors and U.S. President Zachary Taylor which was ratified by both in 1850.
In 1854, a Protectorate over the Kingdom of Hawaii was made with the U.S., Great Britain, and France with stipulations breached.
In 1854, Kamehameha III passed the Neutrality Law which was breached by the U.S. etc.
Our Royal Family are not subject to the laws and have immunities.
The Kingdom of Hawaii has full sovereignty since 1843.
The Territory of Hawaii had no sovereignty and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed an executive order, not law but a tradition, and made the Territory of Hawaii a State of the United States with a shared 1/50 interest in Sovereignty shared with the other 49 states under the United States.
Every nation could have only one (1) sovereignty.
The United States became two (2) nations in 1898:
(1) United States - had sovereignty and worked with nations that had treaties.
(2) American Empire - had no sovereignty and worked with nations which had no sovereignty.
Note: The Territory of Hawaii was assumed under the American Empire and had no sovereignty.
Summary
Both Francis Gora and cousin Amelia Gora are Royal persons, descendants of Kamehameha and descendants/heirs of Kalola who was the next-of-kin to Bernice Pauahi Bishop who died in 1884.
Both Francis Gora and myself Amelia Gora representatives of our Royal Family are the true owners, Allodial title owners, the landlords are the true owners of all of the lands, Allodial lands, monies, artifacts, Ruth Keelikolani's Palace, etc. documented.
An Affidavit/Lien no 96-177455 (281 pages) filed on 12/17/1996 and a Joinder showing the Kalola genealogies was filed which supersedes all claims made by the Trustees of the Estate of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, which was also reformed in 1896 in the time of the Republic of Hawaii with no sovereignty.
Note: In other words, a foreign entity assumed a Trust of our Royal Family which was created in 1884 under the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Fraud, piracy, pillaging is recorded.
The Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii with Kamehameha III and U.S. President Zachary Taylor continues on and Article XIV gives us the right to prosecute for piracy, pillaging, etc.
There was no Annexation meaning the entity State of Hawaii has no Jurisdiction.
Premeditation to assume a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation is recorded.
Breach of the Statutes of the Protectorate of 1854 is recorded.
Note: Queen Liliuokalani asked for a U.S. Protectorate in 1892.
In 1893, the U.S. gave the Protectorate to the usurpers, the Provisional government instead.
Breach of the Neutrality law of 1854 is recorded.
Note: U.S. President Grover Cleveland did warn Americans of the breach of the Neutrality law.
U.S. President Grover Cleveland did give Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, 1894, and 1897.
Note: Evidence found shows the Hawaiian newspaper printed that it was a Fake dispatch.
The Kingdom of Hawaii remains a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation since 1843.
Queen Liliuokalani was surrounded by snakes, pirates who were in constant communication with the U.S. who was interested in annexing Hawaii since 1820 as recorded by U.S. President William McKinley who directed the army, Navy, and others to "develop" the Territory of Hawaii in 1898.
Something stinks and I know it's not me!
Questions?
hwngensoc.akg@juno.com or write: P.O. Box 861781, Wahiawa, Oahu 96786
aloha.
Reference:
https://www.courts.state.hi.us/docs/opin_ord/ica/2013/October/CAAP-12-0000999mopada.pdf
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIfI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER NO. CAAP-12-0000999 IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF HAWAIfI TRUSTEES UNDER THE WILL AND OF THE ESTATE OF BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP, DECEASED, also known as KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOLS, Plaintiffs/Counterclaim-Defendants/Appellees, v. JEFFREY VEGAS and KERENAKUPU ESERA-VEGAS, Defendants/Counterclaim-Plaintiffs/Appellees, and NICK WOOLFENDEN as Special Administrator of the Estate of BRIAN K. WOOLFENDEN, also known as Brian Kenneth Woolfenden; MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, INC., solely as a nominee for Fremont Investment & Loan; U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee, on behalf of The Holders of the Home Equity Asset Trust 2005-2 Home Equity Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2005-2; GE CAPITAL HAWAII, INC.; FIRST RESOLUTION INVESTMENT CORPORATION, GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, Defendants/Appellees and JOHN DOES 1-10, JANE DOES 1-10, DOE PARTNERSHIP 1-10, DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10, DOE ENTITIES 1-10, and DOE GOVERNMENTAL UNITS 1-10, Defendants and FRANCIS KEOUA GORA, Real Party-in-Interest/Appellant APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT (CIVIL NO. 09-1-1074) MEMORANDUM OPINION (By: Foley, Presiding J., Fujise and Reifurth, JJ.) Real Party in Interest-Appellant Francis Keoua Gora (Gora) appeals from the "Order Denying Francis Gora's Notice of NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIfI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER Appeal to the Circuit Court; Statement of the Case; Exhibit F; Designation of Record on Appeal; Order for Certification; Transmission of Record; Motion to Intervene, Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure [(HRCP)], Rule 24; Motion for Clerical Mistakes, Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure[] Rule 60." This post-judgment order was entered October 31, 2012 in the Circuit Court of the 1 First Circuit (circuit court).
https://theiolani.blogspot.com/2021/11/the-planned-downfall-of-united-states.html?view=flipcard
https://theiolani.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-legitimate-government-in-hawaii_27.html?view=flipcard
Review by Amelia Gora (2021)
The following links applies as evidence about White Supremacist Supporter, Treasonous Person Prince Kuhio.
Kuhio lost his title "Prince", his lands when he supported the White Supremacist who dethroned Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.
Kuhio lost interest in the Crown Lands which was Kamehameha III's private properties. Kamehameha III documented that the Crown Lands was for himself, his heirs, and successors, forever.
The Government lands were to be overseen by the Hawaiian Kingdom's House of Nobles and assignments were to be made by the Hawaiian Kingdom's Minister of Interior.
See:
Kuhio, lost his title as Prince but the usurper entity State of Hawaii perpetuates wrongs and hide under deception, crimes of piracy, pillaging, genocide, racketeering etc.
Remembering Treasonous Prince Kuhio - The Saint of the Illegal State
posted by Amelia Gora (2017)
1897 - U.S. President Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
Reference:
Prince Kuhio and Kawananakoa failed to listen to their Aunt Kapiolani and filed her deed soon after they received it.
Queen Kapiolani had instructed them to file it After she died. She filed a case against them and the usurper court sided with Kuhio and Kawananakoa.
Queen Kapiolani maintained that they were to file it after she passed away.
Queen Kapiolani died in 1899:
| Kapiʻolani | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen of the Hawaiian Islands | |||||
.jpg) | |||||
| Tenure | February 12, 1874 – January 20, 1891 | ||||
| Coronation | February 12, 1883, ʻIolani Palace[1][2] | ||||
| Born | December 31, 1834 Hilo, Hawaiʻi | ||||
| Died | June 24, 1899 (aged 64) Waikīkī, Hawaiʻi | ||||
| Burial | July 2, 1899[3] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
| Spouse | Benjamin Nāmākēhā Kalākaua | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Kalākaua | ||||
| Father | Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole | ||||
| Mother | Kinoiki Kekaulike | ||||
| Religion | Church of Hawaii[4][5] | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
1915 - Queen Liliuokalani was made Queen for a Day so that the usurpers could obtain her signatures for their plans.
1917 - Queen Liliuokalani died.
| Liliʻuokalani | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Queen of the Hawaiian Islands (more...) | |||||
| Reign | January 29, 1891 – January 17, 1893 | ||||
| Predecessor | Kalākaua | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy overthrown | ||||
| Born | September 2, 1838 Honolulu, Oʻahu, Kingdom of Hawaii | ||||
| Died | November 11, 1917 (aged 79) Honolulu, Oʻahu, Territory of Hawaii | ||||
| Burial | November 18, 1917 Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum | ||||
| Spouse | John Owen Dominis | ||||
| |||||
| House | Kalākaua | ||||
| Father | Caesar Kapaʻakea | ||||
| Mother | Analea Keohokālole | ||||
| Religion | Protestantism (more...) | ||||
| Signature | .svg){kind=small} | ||||
Reference:
Prince Kuhio took an out of court settlement to the claims of Queen Liliuokalani.
The out of court settlement was Kuhio Beach.
Queen Liliuokalani had denied signing a Trust Deed with Cleghorn, Iaukea, et. als.
1920 - Prince Kuhio moved to have Hawaii made a State:
A Treasonous Prince Kuhio Supporting the Identity Thieves - entity Provisional govt to Republic to Territory to State Defended by the U.S., and the American Empire
1921 - Prince Kuhio moved to set up the Hawaiian Homes Act.
Note: Prince Kuhio and Kawananakoa were Not the next in line to Queen Liliuokalani.
The Heirs documented were:
1) Princess Kaiulani
2) Princess Poomaikelani and her heirs
1) Alapai (w) fa: Kuluwailehua/Kuluailehua
2) Samuel fa: JWE Maikai
3) Haili/Kaili/Kalama (w) fa: Ioela
4) Elizabeth (w) fa: Mana
5) Abraham Kekai fa: Kekai
unnamed others.
3) Princess Kinoiki and her heirs
1) Prince Kuhio
2) Prince Kawananakoa
Note:
Prince Kuhio and Kawanakoa were claimed to be the next in line according to the "purported" Constitution written by Queen Liliuokalani, but it was the usurpers writings and their claims that Kuhio and Kawananakoa were the next in line.
The False Flag operations included setting up the Royal Families according to the plans of the usurpers.
The usurpers were operating a conspiracy network which included the United States, London, England and France due to documented evidence:
Premeditation of the U.S.
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F0CE6DC1F3FEF33A2575AC0A9679C94629ED7CF
Premeditation of London, England:
http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2017/03/london-conspiracy-annexation-should-be.html
Conspiracy which included France ----note: U.S., England, and France Funded the American Civil War and became bankrupt - They supported the U.S.
Opposition was made by Queen Liliuokalani, President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani and the continued conspiracy over assuming Private Properties of the Royal Families continued.... so using the Princes Kuhio and Kawananakoa was the continued goal in utilizing the Crown Lands.
The Crown Lands are the Private Properties of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli, for himself, his heirs, and successors.
The Hawaiian people are therefore used by the plans of the illegal occupiers who have no rights to occupy a neutral, friendly, non violent nation.
There was No Annexation.......see the legal article and see the promoters of crimes against the Royal Families through the moves of Treasonous persons Prince Kuhio and Prince Kawananakoa:
EXPOSING THE TREASONOUS JONAH KUHIO KALANIANAOLE AND DAVID KAWANANAKOA'S..Updated 4/07/2013
Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
| Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Hawaiʻi | |
 | |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Kahanu Kaʻauwai |
| Full name | |
| Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Piʻikoi | |
| House | House of Kalākaua |
| Father | David Kahalepouli Piʻikoi King Kalākaua (hānai) |
| Mother | Victoria Kekaulike Kinoiki Queen Kapiʻolani (hānai) |
| Born | March 26, 1871 Kōloa, Kauaʻi |
| Died | January 7, 1922 (aged 50) Waikīkī, Oʻahu |
| Burial | January 15, 1922[1] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum |
| Signature |  |
Contents[hide] |
[edit]Early life
[edit]Prince of the Kalākaua Dynasty
[edit]Post-Overthrow Activities
.jpg)
[edit]From prince to American statesman
[edit]References
- ^ Roger G. Rose, Sheila Conant and Eric P. Kjellgren. "Journal of the Polynesian Society". Polynesian Society. pp. 273–304. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
- ^ Mart Martin (2001). The almanac of women and minorities in American politics (2nd ed.). Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-9817-4.
- ^ United States Congress (1910). Official Congressional Directory. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 139.
- ^ a b c Pat Omandam (September 20, 1999). "Kuhio’s advice still relevant today". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ Agnes Quigg (1988). "Kalākaua's Hawaiian Studies Abroad Program". Hawaiian Journal of History (Hawaii Historical Society) 22: pp. 170–208. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Ann Rayson (2004). "Chapter 3: Prince Kūhiō and the Hawaiian Homestead Act". Modern History of Hawaii. Bess Press. ISBN 978-1-57306-209-1.
- ^ a b Stu Dawrs (April/May 2002). "Civic Pride". Hana Hou! Vol. 5, No. 2.
- ^ a b Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- ^ Parker Widemann (February, 1980). "Founding of the Hawaiian Civic Club of Honolulu". official web site. Hawaiian Civic Club of Honolulu.
- ^ a b "Kalanianaole, Jonah Kuhio, Prince office record". official archives. State of Hawaii. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ Rayson, Ann (2004). Modern History of Hawaii. Bess press. ISBN 1-57306-209-X. (a high school textbook on Hawaiian history, see especially chapter 3: "Prince Kūhiō and the Hawaiian Homestead Act")
- ^ "Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole". Find a Grave. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
[edit]External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole |
- "Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole". Papakōlea Community Association. 2004. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- Taegan D. Goddard (January 1, 2010). "Friday Night Trivia". Political Wire. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- Henry Soszynski. "HH Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana'ole Kawānanakoa". web page on "Rootsweb". Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- "Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole". Our Family History and Ancestry. Families of Old Hawaii. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- "Prince Kuhio: The bridge from Kingdom to State".
- "Kalaniana‘ole as pronounced by a native speaker".
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Robert William Wilcox | Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Territory of Hawaii 1903–1922 | Succeeded by Henry Alexander Baldwin |
David Kawānanakoa
| David Kawānanakoa | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Hawaiʻi | |
.jpg) | |
| Spouse | Abigail Wahiʻikaʻahuʻula Campbell |
| Issue | |
| David Kalākaua Kawānanakoa Abigail Kapiʻolani Kawānanakoa Lydia Liliʻuokalani Kawānanakoa | |
| Full name | |
| David Laʻamea Kahalepouli Kinoiki Kawānanakoa Piʻikoi | |
| House | Kalakaua Kawānanakoa |
| Father | David Kahalepouli Piʻikoi King Kalākaua (hānai) |
| Mother | Victoria Kinoiki Kekaulike Queen Kapiʻolani (hānai) |
| Born | February 19, 1868 Honolulu, Oʻahu |
| Died | June 2, 1908 (aged 40) San Francisco, California |
| Burial | June 21, 1908[1] Mauna ʻAla Royal Mausoleum |
| Signature |  |
Reference: https://maoliworld.ning.com/forum/topics/identity-theft-by-the-stat... Identity Thieves now known as the State of Hawaii through Pillaging, Piracy, fraud, identity theft for claiming to be the Hawaiian Kingdom/Kingdom of Hawaii, etc.
aloha.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zLTwQklddc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfAiB2ZoRhM
Kuhio a TREASONOUS Person...........documented......along with his brother Kawananakoa.........fyi...sharing how he is remembered on this Day, Kuhio Day celebrating LIES....
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Sunday, March 26, 2017 Prince Kuhio’s Fight to Americanize Hawaii
By Andrew Walden @ 10:13 PM :: 6894 Views :: DHHL, Agriculture, Hawaii History, Land Useby Andrew Walden, Originally published January 22, 2015
At the moment colonized peoples won their freedom – and with it the right to use knowledge to advance themselves – metropolitans possessing the knowledge which had made the West prosperous and powerful suddenly began claiming Western knowledge was of no value. But that was the 1960s. Fifty years earlier, Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole didn’t suffer from that problem. Working to rehabilitate Hawaiians and make Hawaii ready for statehood, Kuhio focused his efforts on an American idea--homesteading.
Disagreements over homesteading burst into the open with Kuhio’s October, 1911 appeal to Republican President Taft against the reappointment of Hawaii Territorial Governor Walter F. Frear. As Delegate to Congress, Kuhio was the highest elected official in the Territory--Governors were appointed by the President.
In contrast to the leasehold assignments for Hawaiians-only which Kuhio would settle for a decade later in the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, the homestead associations he championed in his first decade of service were multi-ethnic groups seeking the fee-simple ownership of land promised in the Hawaii Organic Act, article 73.
Kuhio’s complaint detailed strategies used by Frear to circumvent or corrupt homesteading of areas throughout the Territory, including:
- Thompson Settlement Association, Kaunamano Homesteads, Kau, Hawaii
- Aloha Aina Association, Wood Valley, Kau, Hawaii
- Kekupulau Settlement Association, South Hilo, Hawaii
- Hakalau, North Hilo, Hawaii
- Moaula, Pahala Plantation, Kau, Hawaii
- Kihei Homesteads, Kihei, Maui
- Hana Homesteads, Hana, Maui
- California and Lindsay Settlement Associations, Haiku, Maui (homesteads given to cronies of Frear)
- Makee Plantation, Kapaa, Kauai
- Omao Tract, Koloa, Kauai
- Pahoa Land, Waianae, Oahu
- Kalauao Homesteads, Aiea, Oahu
- Waiohinu water diversion away from traditional village by Hutchinson Planation, Waiohinu, Kau, Hawaii
- Waiakea Sugar Co leased lands not made available, Hilo, Hawaii
- Kekaha Sugar Co leased lands not made available, Kekaha, Kauai
In his August, 1907 inaugural address, Governor Frear had asserted:
…the highest interests of these islands require them to be peopled as far as may be by small landed proprietors…. It may yet, in the natural-course of events, prove to be to the advantage of the sugar planters to have their operations confined to central factories, and their lands, whether now held under lease or in fee, subdivided and sold to settlers. (p231-2)*
But by 1911, none of the cane lands had been homesteaded.
Kuhio’s 60 page complaint against Frear is reprinted in his biography, ‘The Empty Throne” by Lori Kamae. In it Kuhio rips Frear for:
1) His failure to administer the law in regard to the public lands in a manner calculated to bring about the creation of a class of citizen proprietors, holding moderate areas.
2) His administration of the public lands in the interest of the sugar planting corporations, and to the prejudice of large numbers of would-be homesteaders—some of local, and some of mainland residence.
3) His failure, through the policy above indicated, to assist in inaugurating in Hawaii the typical American features of citizen proprietorship, and the consequent “Americanizing” of the islands.
4) His failure to inaugurate or permit the adoption of measures looking to the regulation or curbing of the local transportation monopolies, in the interest of agricultural development along American lines.
5) His close affiliation with the corporate interests of the Islands, induced and existing largely through matrimonial and social ties, whereby his administration is conducted upon lines calculated to favor and promote the still further concentration of land, wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals, operating, in most instances, under corporate forms. (p230)
Referring often to a contemporary series of three articles by Progressive writer Ray Stannard Baker, Kuhio points out that in the four years of Frear’s administration, the Governor had not allowed homesteading on any of the 34,000 acres of cane planted on leased public lands. Kuhio explains, “considerable tracts of public land have been recently thrown open to homesteading” but “of a character utterly unfit for homesteading…. In this manner the Governor has sought to make a showing in favor of the policy of small proprietors, though well knowing that he was offering the homesteader only the husk, while keeping the meat for the sugar corporations.” (p233)
Describing specific homesteading efforts stymied by Frear, Kuhio argues: “it is (Frear’s) purpose, where he may be compelled to assign homesteads at all upon lands within or adjacent to plantations, they shall be so small in area as to insure the poverty of those who settle upon them, coupled with the necessity of the homesteaders to sell their surplus labor to the neighboring plantations….” (p 253-4) “This policy, if applied under the millions of cases arising under the Homestead Laws of the United States, would have paralyzed the settlement and civilization of the vast tracts of public land out of which so many thriving sovereign states have been created.” (p270)
In one of the articles cited by Kuhio, Baker describes an effort to build a sugar industry based on independent growers rather than plantation labor:
A number of small Portuguese land owners had organized a cooperative mill, called the Hilo Portuguese Sugar Mill Company. Near at hand was one of the oldest and most powerful of the sugar plantations on the island—the Hilo Sugar Company, owning 10,000 acres of land, a big mill and a fine fluming system. Mr Scott, the manager of this big plantation, offered flattering contracts to the new settlers, agreeing to purchase at a fixed price all sugar cane ‘which the planters might grow.’
The temptation to the small planters was so strong that many of them signed contracts with Mr Scott, and the cooperative mill, nearly bankrupted, sold out to the big sugar interests. Competition thus destroyed, was never revived.
… But when they came to sell their first crops to the big planters, they found that they were paid, not on a basis of a fixed price per ton for ‘all sugar cane,’ but for the sugar content of the sugar cane as declared by the chemist of the company….
Baker, destined to be appointed to serve in the soon-to-be-elected Woodrow Wilson administration, complains bitterly about Asian immigration feeding the demand for labor, arguing:
The importation of hordes of ignorant people have (sic) brought in all sorts of diseases which in this tropical climate spread like wildfire…. Too much cheap, low-standard labor drives out high-standard labor…and an overwhelming disenfranchised peasantry makes a democratic citizenship impossible….
The system makes much sugar and large profits, but what sort of democratic citizenry does it make? Are men improved by it? Is there more justice, more liberty, more brotherhood?
This was the moment in American history when the impetus of Progressivism began its decades-long shift from Republican to Democrat. Taft reappointed Frear over Kuhio’s objection, but soon both were swept away. Taft lost his reelection campaign to the first Progressive Democrat President Woodrow Wilson after Progressive Theodore Roosevelt split from the Republicans to run on the ‘Bull Moose’ ticket. Wilson then replaced Frear with Hawaii’s first Democrat Governor, Lucius Pinkham (1913 – 1918). Pinkham was followed by another Democrat Wilson appointee, Charles James McCarthy (1918-1921). According to his online biography: “McCarthy believed Republicans were promoting immigration of Oriental laborers to manipulate Hawaii’s demographics to their advantage and served their own business interests, McCarthy was ardently anti-Asian. He appointed Charles Rice and Alfred Castle to lobby in favor of the Hawaiian Rehabilitation Bill which became the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act.” The anti-Asian tenor of the debate is borne out in the transcript of McCarthy and Kuhio’s 1920 HHCA testimony before Congress.
Comparing plantations Southern and Hawaiian, Baker observed: “the note of pessimism is struck most strongly be the element which has a selfish interest in keeping the Negro or the Oriental ‘in his place,’ in making him work at low wages…. The note of optimism on the other hand is struck by those who are in some way trying to serve or help: teachers and preachers especially, who are meeting the other races on terms not of business, but of friendly contact….”
In 1903 the Republican territorial legislature passed its first pro-Statehood resolution. In 1919, Delegate Kuhio presented the first Hawaii Statehood bill to Congress.
One of the last ‘notes of pessimism’ would be sounded in 1949 by Campbell Estate heiress Alice Kamokila Campbell who testified against Statehood before a US Senate committee:
I say Russia could afford to say—and I should take a chance as one born here in Hawaii—to have Russia say, ‘All right, you Chinese and Japanese, you come and fight for us. We will give you the Territory of Hawaii.’ Should I take these chances of giving my land up and permitting Russia for one minute to do it? …
I don’t want to have a Japanese judge tell me how to act in my own country, no more than you Americans over on the other side would want an Indian to overrule you, or a Negro….
In 1957 the ILWU’s pro-Statehood Honolulu Record, edited by Communist Party member Koji Ariyoshi, ran a three-part series on the Kuhio-Frear dispute. The final installment includes these observations:
The series of two articles published by this weekly on Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole's complaint to the Secretary of Interior in 1911 against Gov. Walter F. Frear—declaring that the latter did not implement the homesteading program provided for by law because he was influenced by the sugar companies which used government land at low rental— aroused keen interest, especially among old-timers. They say this is new information to them….
By controlling key government officials, (Hawaii’s sugar interests) have controlled the use of land. They are principally responsible for the high price of land in the islands. They monopolize land—both public and private—and have built up an artificially high demand for land by limiting it on the open market, consequently boosting land prices….
Many unemployed former sugar workers could contribute to the Territory's productive income in the agricultural field if land were homesteaded, but the same old excuse is being used by the administration—not enough water or no access roads to the potential farm areas. It is the old refrain for Big Five benefit.
For decades the big interest-controlled territorial administrations have violated Section 73, paragraphs (M) and (N) of the Organic Act which specifically mandates, the Territory to survey annually agricultural and pastoral land for homesteading to satisfy demand. It's about time Congress looked into this matter….
Two years later, Hawaii became a state. The 1959 Hawaii Admission Act lists five purposes for public lands including: “the development of farm and home ownership on as widespread a basis as possible.” The first elected Governor, Republican William Quinn, won on a platform promising "The Second Mahele" distribution of fee-simple land in many of the areas Kuhio had fought for 50 years earlier.
Quinn's policy was altered by his successor, Democrat Jack Burns. The result is recorded in the 1990 book, Land and Power in Hawaii.
Thirty-five years after Statehood, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs sued the State, claiming the 1993 Apology Resolution overrode the Admission Act thereby prohibiting a Waihee administration plan to build affordable housing on state-owned land near Lahaina and Kailua-Kona. Fourteen years later, in 2008, the State Supreme Court unanimously upheld OHA’s position in the case. In 2009 the US Supreme Court unanimously slapped down the State Supreme Court ruling, explaining:
…the Apology Resolution would raise grave constitutional concerns if it purported to ‘cloud’ Hawaii’s title to its sovereign lands more than three decades after the State’s admission to the Union. We have emphasized that 'Congress cannot, after statehood, reserve or convey … lands that have already been bestowed on a State.'…('[T]he consequences of admission are instantaneous, and it ignores the uniquely sovereign character of that event…to suggest that subsequent events somehow can diminish what has already been bestowed').…
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs is the effort to undo Kuhio’s legacy.
---30---
* All page numbers from The Empty Throne. On Amazon used copies start at $100. This counts as a suppressed book—just as in 1957 when this information was also ‘new to them….’
References:
- Ray Stannard Baker, 1911-1912, American Magazine, series titled “Wonderful Hawaii: A World Experiment Station”
- 1 - How King Sugar Rules in Hawaii (pgs 28 – 38 November, 1911)
- 2 - The Land and the Landless in Hawaii (pgs 201-214 December, 1911)
- 3 - Human Nature in Hawaii—How the few want the many to work for them perpetually and at low wages (pgs 328 – 339 January, 1912)
- January – February 1912: US House Committee hearing on the leasing of land in Hawaii
- January 30, 1912: "The reply of Hon. Walter F. Frear, governor of Hawaii, to the complaint of Hon. Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, delegate in Congress from Hawaii"
- 1920: Proposed Amendments to the Hawaii Organic Act (Testimony before Congress on the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act)
- Honolulu Record, December 5, 1957: Prince Kuhio's Hushed Documents Reveal Sugar Planters Here In Conspiracies For land Grabs
- Honolulu Record, December 12, 1957: How Delegate Prince Kuhio Fought Tricky T.H. Land Grab
- Honolulu Record, December 19, 1957: Big five Stunts Progress
- HFP, 2009: Hawaii Statehood: Tiny 1959 opposition was anti-Japanese, not anti-American
- HFP, 2009: Supreme Court ruling shields Hawaiian Homelands and ceded lands revenue
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