- Defender of Justice, the Hawaiian Kingdom and Queen Liliuokalani -
Walter Q. Gresham became the Secretary of State under U.S. President Grover Cleveland. He was interested in justice and did not favor annexation for Hawaii.
Gresham had the power to inform the Navy to use arms against the Provisional Government.
U.S. Grover Cleveland was interested in justice along with his Secretary of State Gresham.
Minister Willis was the deliverer of letters to the Provisional Government Leader Sanford B. Dole which instructed Willis to give Hawaii back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, 1894, and 1897.
John Foster who served as the Secretary of State under U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was the director of the Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 and named all the previous presidents who were interested in annexing the Hawaiian Islands. Those Presidents are hereby named:
* U.S. President John Tyler - during the time of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli (1825 - 1854), Hawaiian Kingdom
* U.S. President Zachary Taylor - during the time of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli (1825 - 1854), Hawaiian Kingdom
" Despite being a Southerner and a slaveholder himself, Taylor did not push for the expansion of slavery, and sought sectional harmony above all other concerns."
*Zachary Taylor signed and ratified the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States.
*He was critical of Abraham Lincoln who later became U.S. President.
"Historians and scholars have consistently ranked Fillmore as one of the worst presidents."
"His reputation in the North suffered further during the American Civil War as he became a vocal critic of President Abraham Lincoln."
"He was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not resign his seat upon learning of his state's secession. In 1862, Lincoln appointed him as military governor of Tennessee after most of it had been retaken. In 1864, Johnson, as a War Democrat and Southern Unionist, was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln, who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign; their ticket easily won. When Johnson was sworn in as vice president in March 1865, he gave a rambling speech, after which he secluded himself to avoid public ridicule. Six weeks later, the assassination of Lincoln made him president. "
"Elected president in 1868, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, created the Department of Justice, and prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan under the Force Acts. He appointed African-Americans and Jewish-Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871, Grant created the first Civil Service Commission."
* U.S. President Benjamin Harrison - during the time of King David Kalakaua (1874 - 1891), and Queen Liliuokalani (1891 - 1917), Hawaiian Kingdom
"A Republican, Harrison was elected to the presidency in 1888, defeating the Democratic incumbent, Grover Cleveland. Hallmarks of Harrison's administration included unprecedented economic legislation, including the McKinley Tariff, which imposed historic protective trade rates, and the Sherman Antitrust Act. Harrison also facilitated the creation of the national forest reserves through an amendment to the Land Revision Act of 1891. During his administration six western states were admitted to the Union. In addition, Harrison substantially strengthened and modernized the U.S. Navy and conducted an active foreign policy, but his proposals to secure federal education funding as well as voting rights enforcement for African Americans were unsuccessful. "
Harrison was a Brigadier General for the Union Army volunteers.
An entity calling itself the Provisional Government planned the dethronement of Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani while U.S. President Benjamin Harrison was in office .
Dr. Mott Smith and Thomas Akaka were in Washington, D.C. and Lorrin Thurston a member of the secret "Annexation Club" met with them to plan the usurpation of Queen Liliuokalani in June 1892.
Meanwhile Benjamin Tracy, Secretary of the Navy under U.S. President Benjamin Harrison met with
Lorrin Thurston's family, planning the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. The Ahupuaa of Makua belongs to the Kamehameha descendants/heirs existing then and exists today.
The Ahupuaa of Makua had been under the care of King Kalakaua's and Queen Liliuokalani's mother Keohokalole (w).
The Navy's ship BOSTON received instructions by Congress through the cable which was also sent on the 9th of January, 1893. See:
Note: This article shows Premeditation, collusion with the United States assisting those planning the usurpation of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893.
Walter Q. Gresham was appointed to be the Secretary of State by U.S. President Grover Cleveland.
Gresham said that the Provisional Government of Hawaii would expire.
Note:
In the Habeas Corpus case of Sheldon vs. the Provisional government, the discussion shows that the entity operating had to turn to a Republic in a certain amount of time.
Sheldon had printed a near accurate story of the Overthrow and was arrested for that. He was the editor of the HAWAIIAN HOLOMUA.
It appears that the rule of law was being played by Gresham and the Provisional government was made aware that they the entity would expire.
Gresham supported U.S. President Cleveland in his moves to return Hawaii back to Queen Liliuokalani.
Affairs of the Secretary of State were kept secret:
Willis incompetence shown....it was Gresham who had the authority over the Navy, etc.:
Cause of death: Hard work including the Hawaiian disgrace, etc.:
Minister Willis died, Queen Liliuokalani silent.
SUMMARY
Walter Gresham was a defender of truth, justice, supported U.S. President Cleveland, Queen Liliuokalani, et als.
He guided Minister Willis who had his own opinions and disregarded both himself and U.S. President Cleveland.
He was a good man.
Good men were hard to find and were too few at the time.
Research incomplete.
aloha.
References:
Walter Quintin Gresham - People - Department History ...
As soon as he assumed his position as Secretary of State, Gresham began investigating the circumstances surrounding the failed U.S. attempt to annex Hawaii under his predecessor, John W. Foster. Gresham’s investigation showed the direct involvement of U.S. diplomats in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani.Letter from US State Department to Pres. Cleveland
Letter from W. Q. Gresham of the US Department of State to President Cleveland. Department of State Washington, October 18, 1893 ... In Secretary Foster's communication of February 15 to the President, laying before him the treaty of annexation, with the view of obtaining the advice and consent of the Senate thereto, he says: ... The Government ...Hawaii holomua = Progress. [volume] (Honolulu) 1893-1895 ...
islands enunciated in Secretary Gresham's letter. Ho drove out to Woodlov this afternoon and had an half hour's talk with the President on the subject. As a result of tho talk ho learned that Mr. Cleveland approves thorough ly and wholly Secretary Gres ham's letter and all that is con tained in it. Mr. Pratt has lived much in the islands and ...Annexation of Hawaii | University of Hawaii at Manoa Library
IOLANI - The Royal Hawk: * Pirate Eyes on Hawaii Series ...
Walter Q. Gresham served "as Cleveland's Secretary of State.Gresham held that position until his death in 1895. "SUMMARY The names of the Secretaries of State from the U.S. were found in the article HAWAII AND THE UNITED STATES, Ex Secretary Foster Declares Annexation the Plain Duty of Our Country, found in The Evening Star, Saturday, March 27, 1897.-
https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/41134/1/1896021501.pdfintimate of Secretary Gresham, and had full knowledge of all the actions of the Slate Department in regard to Hawaii during the period when Mr. Thurston represented that country at Washington. He twas present at nearly all, if not all, the interviews that took place between Thurston and Secretary Gresham. An intimate friend of Mr. Iandis said ...
HAWAII MUST WAIT A WHILE.; SECRETARY GRESHAM INTIMATES ...
https://www.nytimes.com/1893/03/11/archives/hawaii-must-wait-a-while-secretary-gresham...HAWAII MUST WAIT A WHILE.; SECRETARY GRESHAM INTIMATES THAT MORE INFORMATION IS WANTED. WASHINGTON, March 10. -- Among the early callers upon Secretary Gresham at the State Department this morning were Messrs. Thurston, Castle, and Carter, the Hawaiian Annexation Commissioners. Their interview was brief, and resulted in an arrangement...-
https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/254/1/JL29089.pdfPresident Grover Cleveland and his secretary of state, Walter Q. Gresham, are widely credited with revoking Harrison's treaty of an- nexation, which had been hastily negotiated with a delegation of commissioners from Hawai'i's Provisional Government.
https://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2018/01/remembering-criminal-dethronement-of.html
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