Judges, et. als. in the U.S., Hawaiian Islands, etc.
Many Interested others
Neutral Nation to Neutral/Other Nations Directive No. 2026-0122 -The United States Violated a Neutral, Non-Violent Nation, Part of the Family of Nations: The Kingdom of Hawaii and Conspired in Pirating, Pillaging disregarding rule of law since 1893 then U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii back in 1893, 1894, and 1897, then U.S. President William McKinley thru U.S. President Donald Trump DISREGARDED the rule of Law since 1897 from Amelia Gora, a Royal Person, Royal Family's Representative, Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, House of Nobles Member, etc. - Kingdom of Hawaii
Greetings,
The Pirate activities affecting Hawaii began with former American Civil War General Benjamin Harrison who supported the invasion of Hawaii in 1893.
The U.S./U.S.A. was bankrupt and out of gold. The American Civil War of 1863 - 1865 was the cause of the U.S/U.S.A. and Great Britain to do deep in debt. France also helped to finance the American Civil War. Interestingly, Great Britain funded both sides of War - the Union and Confederates.
The U.S./U.S.A. borrowed monies from the World Bank, etc.
Note: The U.S./U.S.A. finally paid off the debt in 1934 by the way.
The Piracy, pillaging, taxing, theft of lands, revenues from shipping, mineral rights, water, etc. began immediately with the agents for the United States of America/United States named Sanford B. Dole, Charles Reed Bishop and Friends.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison and his Vice President were not reelected and U.S. President Grover Cleveland became President for a second time.
Note: Harrison's Vice-President was a banker and an exdpert in money transfers. The Kingdom of Hawaii's monies were transferred out and on to the U.S.A./U.S. ----all that was in the treasury, the U.S. Postal Bank, etc.
Treaties, the Neutrality Law of 1854 was breached including the U.S. Constitution - Supremacy Clause that documents treaties are the supreme law of the land.
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison left the Whitehouse after the invasion of Hawaii was complete.
U.S. President Grover Cleveland tried to maintain rule of law, and follow the U.S. Constitution giving Hawaii back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, 1894, and 1897.
The following posting on social media/Facebook shows EVIDENCE of U.S. President Grover Cleveland giving Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani three (3) times.
*U.S. President William McKinley who was elected for his 1897 term disregarded rule of law a number of times before he was assassinated.
*McKinley had the American flag hoisted immediately after President Cleveland had the American flag taken down in Hawaii.
*McKinley had the Army, Navy, and other personnel "develop" a territory for Hawaii.
*McKinley created two nations:
(1) the United States which dealt with nations that had treaties.
(2) the American Empire - Territories without treaties were placed in this category.
Note: Occupied/Invaded Kingdom of Hawaii pushed aside and the newly created Territory of Hawaii by the directions of McKinley was categorized under the American Empire.
*McKinley was assassinated.
*McKinley began a War with Spain four (4) days before getting U.S. Congress approval to War.
* 1912 - Pa Pelekane case, the Territory of Hawaii's Attorney General claimd that the 'Territory was the successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii', HAWAIIAN REPORTS, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii.
* The Pan Pacific Club made Queen Liliuokalani 'Queen for a Day' and gave her documents to sign. (Under duress, elderly abuse, etc.)
Note: All the Americans disregarded the fact that U.S. President Grover Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, 1894, and 1897.
* Queen Liliuokalani died in 1917.
Note: Sellout, treasonous person Prince Kuhio took an out of court settlement in his complaint that Queen Liliuokalani did not sign a Trust Deed with the psyops/agents for the U.S. who ran her Trust collecting rents off of her lands, etc.
Note: The Pirates continue on even today violating the Treaty, etc. Unresolved issues along with the other Alii Trusts.
* Pan Pacific Union formed in 1918 led by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and others who disregarded the fact that Queen Liliuokalani was the Legitimate Government in Hawaii.
*Wilson thru Trump turned the other way, disregarded Rule of Law, the U.S. Constitution even today.
*The following is Evidence found in research which shows that the Kingdom of Hawaii is and remains the Legitimate Government in Hawaii even today:
The Legitimate Government in Hawaii Series: Evidence Showing U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani
Researched by Amelia Gora (2026)
The following is evidence that U.S. President Grover Cleveland gave Hawaii back to Queen Liliuokalani:
Greetings, Special Post - Re: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice No. 2016 - 1008: REVIEWING THE ARTICLE DOCUMENTING PRESIDENTCLEVELANDGAVEHAWAIIBACK TO QUEEN LILIUOKALANI or Why the U.S. Has No Jurisdiction/ Moves on Illegal Sham Set ups in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Actively Pirates, Pillages, Perpetuates Fraud, Genocide, etc.
PostedbyAmeliaGora on October 24, 2017 at 3:43am in Politics U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani Twice (2x), With Legal and Researched Information Showing The Existence of the Kingdom of Hawaii Review by AmeliaGora (2017) The following are important facts, issues reveals that the Kingdom of Hawaii continues to ...
PostedbyAmeliaGora on March 18, 2017 at 4:29am in Politics View Discussions researched by AmeliaGora (2017) The following article supports the article "U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani" : February 7, 1897. " Annexation temporarily suspended by PresidentCleveland, is now dead forever...." documented by Mr. Palmer.
PostedbyAmeliaGora on November 24, 2017 at 10:09am in Politics Overview of "U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack Twice in 1894 and 1897 With Political Cartoons of the Period" Researched by AmeliaGora (2017) The following is an important Overview of Why the Kingdom of Hawaii continues to exist and remains a legal Constitutional Monarchy in the Hawaiian archipelago today:
Thursday, October 10, 2019 U.S. PresidentCleveland Rocks! He GaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani 3X ! McKinley Should have been IMPEACHED! AmeliaGora 2 mins ·
U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani before he left office, and having full knowledge that 40,000 subjects were against Annexation...
PostedbyAmeliaGora on March 18, 2017 at 4:29am in Politics researched by AmeliaGora (2017) The following article supports the article "U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani" :
Re: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice 2016-0927 - 804 Persons/Entities Documented on the Judicial Tribunal List Applicable to Article XIV of the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America, Correction on the 31st Judicial Tribunal Meeting/Session, Article found showing U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani from AmeliaGora ...
1893, 1894, and 1897 - U.S. PresidentClevelandGaveHawaiiBack to Queen Liliuokalani. 1895 - Queen Liliuokalani never abdicated. See article in this post. 1895 - Kanaka maoli/Kanaka Hawaii Maoli were hung, guillotined, drowned, fed to sharks, scalped, shot, by pirates/terrorists, White Supremacists supported by the United States documented.
Our Hawaiian Government, Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/Kingdom of Hawaii/ Hawaiian Kingdom/Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago by AmeliaGora (2011) Let's review the Facts, Evidence found: 1795--1893
The following article supports the article "U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani" :
February 7, 1897. " Annexation temporarily suspended by President Cleveland, is now dead forever...." documented by Mr. Palmer. This article also supports the article that U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
The morning times. (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1897, February 07, 1897, PART 2, Page 9, Image 9
Image provided by Library of Congress, Washington, DC
Special Post - Legal Notice: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice No. 2016 - 1008: REVIEWING THE ARTICLE DOCUMENTING PRESIDENT CLEVELAND GAVE HAWAII BACK TO QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
The following article supports the article "U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani" :
February 7, 1897. " Annexation temporarily suspended by President Cleveland, is now dead forever...." documented by Mr. Palmer. This article also supports the article that U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
The morning times. (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1897, February 07, 1897, PART 2, Page 9, Image 9
Image provided by Library of Congress, Washington, DC
Special Post - Legal Notice: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice No. 2016 - 1008: REVIEWING THE ARTICLE DOCUMENTING PRESIDENT CLEVELAND GAVE HAWAII BACK TO QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
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Saturday, October 8, 2016
Special Post - Legal Notice: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice No. 2016 - 1008: REVIEWING THE ARTICLE DOCUMENTING PRESIDENT CLEVELAND GAVE HAWAII BACK TO QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
U.S. President Barrack Obama
Secretary of State
Judges, et. als. in the Hawaiian Islands
Many Interested others
Greetings,
Special Post - Re: Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom Legal Notice No. 2016 - 1008: REVIEWING THE ARTICLE DOCUMENTING PRESIDENT CLEVELAND GAVE HAWAII BACK TO QUEEN LILIUOKALANI or Why the U.S. Has No Jurisdiction/ Moves on Illegal Sham Set ups in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Actively Pirates, Pillages, Perpetuates Fraud, Genocide, etc. Since 1893 till Today and Has No Jurisdiction, No Land Ownership, etc.
by Amelia Gora, a Royal person (2016)
Let us review the the Article:
1897. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
1897 - Opposition to Annexation was documented by Queen Liliuokalani and approximately 40,000 subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Note: Only 21,000+ signatures in Opposition to Annexation was found in Washington. Queen Liliuokalani documented that she was not able to send out letters because treasonous persons blocked her mailings. This also means that Queen Liliuokalani was not able to receive letters from abroad, including letters from U.S. President Cleveland, etc.
1897 - U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
1897. U.S. President Cleveland left office. U.S. President McKinley succeeded him.
1898. “Sen. A.O. Bacon of Georgia [1898]…: “Under the law of the equal sovereignty of states, one independent and sovereign nation such as the United States cannot take another nation, such as Hawaii, by means of its own legislative act.” “The inability of President William McKinley to garner the necessary two-thirds vote in the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Annexation of 1897 led the administration to seek annexation by a mere act of Congress — a joint resolution. The administration could pass a joint resolution but not a treaty. This is precisely why McKinley attempted to annex by joint resolution." - Williamson Chang
1899. Under U.S. President McKinley, the United States of America became two (2) Nations: The United States and the American Empire.
Reference: PEACOCK vs. REPUBLIC OF HAWAII, (1899), HAWAIIAN REPORTS, Supreme Court Law Library/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Hawaii
1900 - The Territory (of Hawaii) was developed by the Army, Navy, and Federal Officials.
Reference: THE HONOLULU STAR BULLETIN, Preview Article to the 40th Year Celebration of the Territory of Hawaii, December 1939 and January 1940, Honolulu, Hawaii.
1901-1908. Cleveland retired to his home in Princeton, New Jersey, and served as a trustee of Princeton University until his death. 1904. In debates, Representative Hitchcock - said the Army and Navy was spending $2 of every $5 Tax dollar. Note: It was U.S. President McKinley who was the Commander in Chief of the Army, Navy, and Federal officials. It was under the Administration of McKinley who perpetuated crimes against Queen Liliuokalani and her 40,000 subjects. All of the U.S. Presidents through Obama perpetuated Piracy(ies), Pillaging, Genocide, Racketeering, Deceit, Frauds, etc. against a neutral, friendly nation who did no wrong.
1903 -1905. Hitchcock was a representative for Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.
Representative Arthur Bates - said that Cleveland is on record of giving Hawaii Back to
Queen Liliuokalani and was proposing that Aguinaldo be given back the Phillipines
1903 -1905 representative for Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district.
1907. Cleveland's health began to fail rapidly at the end of 1907 1908. Cleveland died of a heart attack at the age of 71 on June 24, 1908. According to two of Cleveland’s biographers, his last words were, “I have tried so hard to do right.” Reference: http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/grover-cleveland 1912 - The Bernice Pauahi Trustees/Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates Trustees/KSBE Trustees deeded lands of Pearl Harbor, etc. to the United States Military. Note: The Trustees were Aliens/foreigners and not related to the Royal Families and did not/do not have the Superior alodio titles to alodio lands. They had only Fee Simple titles which amounted to 30 year leases. The Bernice Pauahi Trustees/Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates Trustees/KSBE Trustees did participate in the treasonous activities and were listed on the Judicial Tribunal List of 804 Pirates, Pillagers, Treasonous persons, including those who perpetuate the crimes of the original persons. Article XIV of the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America was invoked since August 2014. Reference: http://iolani-theroyalhawk.blogspot.com/2016/10/vol-vi-no-618-legal-notice-judicial.html The Territory (of Hawaii) was the "successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii" documented the Attorney General of the Territory. Note: Identity Theft recorded. The Territory was a Sham Setup by U.S. President McKinley the overseer of the Army, Navy, and Federal officials who helped to develop the Territory in 1900. Reference: IN RE: PA PELEKANE Case, HAWAIIAN REPORTS (1912), Supereme Court Law Library/Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1915 - Queen Liliuokalani was made Queen for a Day celebrating Flag Day/ Pan Pacific Day or Balboa Day. 1917 - Queen Liliuokalani died unaware that former President Grover Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Her. 1940 - Taxes were wrongfully collected from Kanaka Maoli and all in the Hawaiian Islands to the tune of $40 Million Dollars. The Hawaiian Islands paid the most taxes of all States in the United States. 1959 - U.S. President Eisenhower signed an Executive Order making Hawaii the Sham set up a State of the illegal Union, the United States and the American Empire since 1899. Opposition to Statehood was made by a Kamehameha descendant named Harold Abel Cathcart. Cathcart was the cousin of Mele Keawe Kauweloa, my great grandmother. 2015 - March 7. "A joint resolution of Congress doesn’t empower the United States to acquire another country. Only a treaty can do that." - Williamson Chang
"the joint resolution could not acquire Hawaii. Moreover, it was unconstitutional. Justice Scalia’s comments are evidence of the pervasive and widespread falsehoods as to annexation that have spread to the highest political and judicial offices in the United States. The myth of annexation is a deliberate deception that has oppressed the people of Hawaii for 122 years.
Historic quotes above are from Volume 31 of the Congressional Record pages 6142 to 6712, the verbatim record of the Senate debate in 1898."
Reference: https://kauilapele.wordpress.com/2015/03/12/prof-williamson-chang-u-hawaii-honolulu-civil-beat-3-7-15-on-annexation-of-hawaii-scalia-fails-constitutionality-test/ 2016- Illegal U.S. President Obama created Sham set ups moving to claim part of the Hawaiian archipelago and naming it other than the Hawaiian archipelago. Obama moves to create an American Indian tribe out of Kingdom of Hawaii subjects who have signed illegal contracts with Sham Set Ups made up of the Identity Theft entity Territory turned State of Hawaii which created OHA/ Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Kanaiolowalu, etc. All the Sham Set Ups were documented as part of the 804 persons/entities listed in the Judicial Tribunal invoking Article XIV of the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America which upholds the U.S. Constitution because the Treaties are the Supreme Law of the Land and because the heirs and successors (not the Sham set up Territory which claimed to be the successor) of Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli exists. Royal persons/Royal Family(ies) are not subject to the laws. The Sham Set Ups have No Authority and are operating as an illegal entity, etc. and accordingly, "Every Sovereign nation has the inherent right to deny to aliens the privilege of entering its territory and even to expel them therefrom." Many of those on the Judicial Tribunal list, including the original Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates/Bishop Estates/KSBE/Kamehameha Schools have deceased and they have been dispossessed. Their descendants or successors claiming ancestors, etc. on the Judicial Tribunal list cannot inherit lands that their ancestors, etc. were dispossessed from, includes the Joseph Booth Family(ies) down to Barrack Hussein Obama, et. als. The Minister of Interior, etc. of the United States has no authority, no jurisdiction in the Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago because Hawaii was given back to Queen Liliuokalani as discovered in research. The Treaties are the Supreme Law of the Land. Treaties supersedes State (even the Sham State) and Federal Laws. Additionally, all illegal contracts affecting Kanaka Maoli, Royal Family(ies) in Support of Queen Liliuokalani, are null and void. As Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, I have the authority to null and void illegal contracts. The illegal contracts includes all Hawaiian Home Lands contracts which illegally conveys titles to the Sham Set ups, the Territory, turned State of Hawaii based on lies, deceit, identity theft of the Royal Family(ies) interests. The State of Hawaii, etc. (City and Counties, etc.) have no right to exist because they are Not the successor of our Royal Family(ies) who are part of the 2/3 of a 3 part government as documented in the REX vs. BOOTH case, HAWAIIAN REPORTS, Hawaii Supreme Court/ Archives/Main Library, Honolulu, Hawaii. Reference: http://kamehamehaiii.blogspot.com/2016/03/identity-theft-by-entity-state-of.html Rents are due for the Iolani Palace, Pearl Harbor, Crown Lands, Government Lands, etc. Toll Charges are due when the Rail System operates. All the above has been researched, documented on this day the 8th of October 2016. aloha. Amelia Gora, a Royal person, Royal Family member, House of Nobles, Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, Judicial Tribunal Member/Judge, Landlord/Land Lord Lien Holder, Konohiki, Hawaiian Genealogical Society Representative, descendant/heir of Kalaniopuu, Kamehameha, Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli, Kaumualii, John Young/Olohana, Isaac Davis, Nuuanu, Mataio Kekuanaoa, et. als. References: theiolani.blogspot.com http://myweb.ecomplanet.com/GORA8037
Representative Hitchcock - said the Army and Navy spending $2 of every $5 Tax dollar
1903 -1905. representative for Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.
1907-1911. representative for Nebraska's 2ndcongressional district
1911 - 1923 a Democrat, was a senator from Nebraska
Representative Arthur Bates - said that Cleveland is on record of giving Hawaii Back to
Queen Liliuokalani and was proposing that Aguinaldo be given back the Phillippines
1903 -1905 representative for Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district.
1903 - 1911 representative for Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district.
1905 - 1907 representative for Pennsylvania's 25thcongressional district
1907 - 1913 Bates, a Republican, was the representative for Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district .
References:
Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. He is the only president to date who served two nonconsecutive terms, and also the only Democratic president to win election during the period of Republican domination of the White House that stretched from Abraham Lincoln’s (1809-65) election in 1860 to the end of William Howard Taft’s (1857-1930) term in 1913. Cleveland worked as a lawyer and then served as mayor of Buffalo, New York, and governor of New York state before assuming the presidency in 1885. His record in the Oval Office was mixed. Not regarded as an original thinker, Cleveland considered himself a watchdog over Congress rather than an initiator. In his second term, he angered many of his original supporters and seemed overwhelmed by the Panic of 1893 and the depression that followed. He declined to run for a third term.
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EARLY CAREER
Stephen Grover Cleveland was born in Caldwell, New Jersey, on March 18, 1837. He was the fifth of nine children of Richard Falley Cleveland (1804-53), a Presbyterian minister, and Anne Neal Cleveland (1806-82). In 1841, the family moved to upstate New York, where Cleveland’s father served several congregations before his death in 1853.
Cleveland left school following his father’s death and started working in order to help support his family. Unable to afford a college education, he worked as a teacher in a school for the blind in New York City and then as a clerk in a law firm in Buffalo, New York. After clerking for several years, Cleveland passed the state bar examination in 1859. He started his own law firm in 1862. Cleveland did not fight in the American Civil War (1861-65); when the Conscription Act was passed in 1863, he paid a Polish immigrant to serve in his place.
SHERIFF, MAYOR AND GOVERNOR
Cleveland’s first political office was sheriff of Erie County, New York, a position he assumed in 1871. During his two-year term, he carried out the death sentence (by hanging) of three convicted murderers. In 1873, he returned to his law practice. He was persuaded to run for mayor of Buffalo in 1881 as a reformer of a corrupt city government. He won the election and took office in 1882. His reputation as an opponent of machine politics grew so rapidly that he was asked to run as the Democratic candidate for governor of New York.
Cleveland became governor in January 1883. He was so opposed to unnecessary government spending that he vetoed eight bills sent up by the legislature in his first two months in office. But while Cleveland was popular with the voters, he made enemies within his own party, particularly the powerful Tammany Hall political machine in New York City. However, he won the respect of New York state assemblyman and future U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) and other reform-minded Republicans. Cleveland was soon regarded as presidential material.
FIRST TERM IN THE WHITE HOUSE: 1885-89
Cleveland won the Democratic presidential nomination in 1884 in spite of the opposition of Tammany Hall. The 1884 presidential campaign was ugly: Cleveland’s Republican opponent, U.S. Senator James G. Blaine (1830-93) ofMaine, was implicated in several financial scandals, while Cleveland was involved in a paternity case in which admitted that he had paid child support in 1874 to a woman who claimed he was the father of her child. In spite of the scandal, Cleveland won the election with the support of the Mugwumps, Republicans who considered Blaine corrupt.
Once in office, Cleveland continued the policy of his predecessor, Chester Arthur (1830-86), in basing political appointments on merit rather than party affiliation. He tried to reduce government spending, using the veto more often than any other president up to that point. Cleveland was a noninterventionist in foreign policy and fought to have protective tariffs lowered.
In 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom (1864-1947), a student at Wells College in New York who was 27 years his junior. Although Cleveland was not the first president to marry while in office, he is the only one who had the ceremony in the White House. At age 21, Frances became the youngest first lady in U.S. history. The Clevelands would go on to have five children.
The tariff issue came back to haunt Cleveland in the presidential election of 1888. Former U.S. Senator Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) of Indiana won the election, in large part because of heavy turnout by voters in the industrial states of the Northeast who saw their jobs threatened by lower tariffs. Cleveland even lost his home state of New York in that election. He returned to New York City and took a position in a law firm for the next four years.
SECOND TERM IN THE WHITE HOUSE: 1893-97
Unlike the campaign of 1884, the presidential campaign of 1892 was quiet and restrained. President Harrison, whose wife, Caroline Harrison (1832-92), was dying of tuberculosis, did not campaign personally, and Cleveland followed suit. Cleveland won the election, in part because voters had changed their minds about high tariffs and also because Tammany Hall decided to throw its support behind him.
Cleveland’s second term, however, opened with the worst financial crisis in the country’s history. The Panic of 1893 began with a railroad bankruptcy in February 1893, followed rapidly by bank failures, a nationwide credit crisis, a stock market crash and the failures of three more railroads. Unemployment rose to 19 percent, and a series of strikes crippled the coal and transportation industries in 1894. The American economy did not recover until 1896-97, when the Klondike gold rush in the Yukon touched off a decade of rapid growth.
Cleveland was inconsistent in his social views. On the one hand, he opposed discrimination against Chinese immigrants in the West. On the other hand, he did not support equality for African Americans or voting rights for women, and he thought Native Americans should assimilate into mainstream society as quickly as possible rather than preserve their own cultures. He also became unpopular with organized labor when he used federal troops to crush the Pullman railroad strike in 1894.
Cleveland was an honest and hard-working president but he is criticized for being unimaginative and having no overarching vision for American society. Opposed to using legislation to bring about social change, he is best known for strengthening the executive branch of the federal government in relation to Congress.
FINAL YEARS
By the fall of 1896, Cleveland had become unpopular with some factions in his own party. Other Democrats, however, wanted him to run for a third term, as there was no term limit for presidents at that time. Cleveland declined, and former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) of Nebraska won the nomination. Bryan, who later became famous as an opponent of British naturalist Charles Darwin’s (1809-82) theory of evolution, lost the 1896 election to Governor William McKinley (1843-1901) of Ohio.
After leaving the White House in 1897, Cleveland retired to his home in Princeton, New Jersey, and served as a trustee of Princeton University from 1901 until his death. He refused overtures from his party to run again for the presidency in 1904. His health began to fail rapidly at the end of 1907 and he died of a heart attack at the age of 71 on June 24, 1908. According to two of Cleveland’s biographers, his last words were, “I have tried so hard to do right.”